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Notes: As the name suggests this module can produce sub frequencies of -1 and -2 octaves relative to the square wave signal provided at the input jack.

But this is not just a simple SUB generator. It also has a little mixer that will let you add different levels of -1 and -2 octave signals to the original square wave. You can select the -2 octave signal to be a square wave or a pulse wave.

The module has individual outputs for the mixed signal, the -1 octave and the -2 octave.

This little modules can produce enough timbral variation to make you bass sound exciting.

Tech specs:

- 4HP width
- 35mm depth behind front panel including the power connector
- standard 10 pin euro power +12V / -12V
- power consumption +12V 12mA , -12V 9mA

Notes: Erica Syths Black VC EG Expander takes the Black VC EG to the next level - it outputs gates or CVs for each active stage of the envelope so you can design some really advanced patches. Inverted and bipolar envelope outputs are also available.

Erica Black series are high-end modules with unique functionality. Only the highest quality components are used and all inputs and outputs are protected against undesired overvoltage. When designing the Black Series, we did not economise on the module width, we put design and usability first. Big knobs are assigned to functions that make difference in sound. Together the Erica Black series are a range of modules that make an entire synthesizer.

NB: This expander module can be connected only to the Black VC EG. It will not work as a standalone eurorack module.

Notes: Erica Pico INPUT module is just what you need to interface your modular system with external synths or even your mp3 player or mobile phone.

It boosts external signal to modular synth signal level.

With the Pico Input, line signals from, for example, a synthesizer, drum-computer, audio interface or smartphone can be raised to modular level. The module delivers up to 40 dB of gain. Thanks to its two channels, users can comfortably process mono as well as stereo material.

The Pico Input comes equipped with two signal paths. Each signal path features an audio input, a volume potentiometer and an output. Up to 40 dB of amplification are available. Using jumpers on the circuit board, it is possible to dampen the maximum gain to 20 dB. The module's first input is a stereo jack, meaning the user can connect a smartphone or tablet without any adapter cables. In this case, incoming signals are distributed internally to both channels.

Notes: Erica Pico VCF1, is a younger brother of Erica Black Polivoks VCF, designed on the similar topology using rare Russian op amps. As result you get a filter great for acid bass lines, screaming resonance sweeps and deep wobbles.

Features:
- Lowpass and bandpass modes
- Self oscillation
- Rare russian opamps used
- Input protection against overvoltage

Dimensions
3 HP
35 mm deep

Current Draw
12 mA +12V
11 mA -12V

Notes: Erica Pico RND is combined LFO/random source module.

It generates sine LFO waves, white noise, S&H CV and some interesting stuff - random triggers and pulse wave with random duty circle; basically, everything, you need, to bring some uncertainty in your modular setup.

The Pico RND comes equipped with five outputs, they emit the following signals:

- Sine waves
- Pulse waves with varying width
- Random triggers
- Sample and hold material
- White noise

The speed of LFO and S&H circuit can be edited using the module's potentiometer (Range: 0.1 Hz to 20 Hz). For synchronizing the Pico RND with other gear, a clock input was implemented.

Notes: Erica Synths Pico OUTPUT module is just what you need to monitor your music on headphones and have standardized connection to mixing desks.

Features

Stereo input
High quality headphones amplifier
3,5mm headphones output jack
Headphones volume control
3,5mm stereo line output jack
The 3,5mm stereo output jack in this module allows you to connect the Pico System directly to virtually any speaker system or line input. Even in your car!

With Pico Series we challenged ourselves - can we make ANY superior functionality synth module 3HP wide and affordable? Yes, we can.

Technical specification:

Input level: 10Vptp
Power consumption: +20mA, -7mA
Module width: 3HP
Module depth: 35mm

Notes: Pico Mixer is simple 3 channel DC coupled mixer intended to mix audio signals and CV signals in order to obtain complex modulations. Also it may serve as CV and audio attenuator.

Features:
3 inputs
Diode protection against overvoltage

Technical specification:
Mixer gain: 1
Power consumption +4mA, -4mA
Module width: 3HP
Module depth: 35mm

Notes: LINK is the module that bridges Eurorack to destop mixers - it has 5 sections that attenuate Eurorack signals to line level signals and sends them to 6.3mm jacks for quality connection to the mixer.

Notes: Erica Pico LFO/S&H is full analogue modulations source - LFO with simultaneous triangle and pulse wave outpus and Sample and Hold - to provide some controlled randomness to your modular setup. It can also work as clock source.

Features:
Full analogue circuit
LFO with triangle and square wave outputs
Highly stable S&H circuit based on AS1100CK2 IC
Input and output protection against overvoltage
Protection against reverse PSU connection

Dimensions
3 HP
35 mm deep

Current Draw
13 mA +12V
10 mA -12V

Notes: Erica Pico VC EG is versatile looping AD/ASR envelope generator with voltage control over attack and decay times. It has automatic Trigger/Gate detection, as well as "drone mode" - at full CW setting of the Decay knob, the envelope is full open. In the LOOP mode you can re-trigger envelopes for even more interesting modulations.

Features

AD/ASR envelope
Automatic Trigger/Gate detection
Manual and voltage control over
Attack and Decay time
Manual trigger button
Input protection against over-voltage
Protection against reverse PSU connection
Output amplitude 0V - 10V
Attack time 5ms - 1s
Decay time 5ms - 50s
CV level (Full span) -5V - +5V
Power consumption +17MA, -13MA
Module width 3 HP
Module depth 35 mm

Notes: Pico BBD is surprisingly great sounding (we were surprised ourselves), full analogue 4092 stage bucket brigade delay module; the smallest BBD in Eurorack. Besides nice and clean flanger and delay effects, at full CW settings of TIME and feedback knobs it can produce extreme sonic artefacts. Tweak knobs and enjoy!

Notes: Erica Synths Cowbell module is an extended, modular version of Yocto (808) cowbell. For more sonic versatility we have added Tune and Decay controls, as well as Tune CV with an attenuator for nice vibratos.

Features
Manually and CV controlled tune
Decay control
Manual trigger
Accent input
Module width - 6HP
Module depth - 35mm
The module is developed in collaboration with the French company e-licktronic.

Technical specifications:

Decay range: 120ms - 1100ms
Audio output level: -5...+5V
CV level (full span): -5V - +5V
Trigger level: 5V
Trigger time: 1ms
Accent CV level: 10V
Power consumption: 14mA@+12V / 10mA@-12V
Module width: 6 HP
Module depth: 40 mm

Notes: Erica Synths Black VCO Expander essentially is an advanced waveform mixer plus two octaves down suboscillator, it allows you to explore wave design in brand new areas.

Features
Waveform mixer/inverter
Sine/Triangle/Tits waveform switch
Transistor-based -2 octave suboscillator
-1 and -2 octave suboscillator crossfade
Suboscillator lowpass filter
Diode limiter on output signal amplitude
Three simultaneous outputs

Erica Black series are high-end modules with unique functionality. Only the highest quality components are used and all inputs and outputs are protected against undesired overvoltage. When designing the Black Series, we did not economise on the module width, we put design and usability first. Big knobs are assigned to functions that make difference in sound. Together the Erica Black series are a range of modules that make an entire synthesizer.

NB! This expander module can be connected only to Black VCO and Black VCO2. It will not work as a standalone eurorack module.

Dimensions
10 HP
25 mm deep

Current Draw
5 mA +12V
5 mA -12V

Notes: Erica Synths Black Mixer is compact, high quality audio mixer with bonus features - mute switch on each input and three buffered outputs. This allows you to add audio signals to your mix instantly and in exactly right level, plus you can send signals to several post-mixer devices simultaneously, for example, split the output signal to LP and HP VCFs and create advanced bandpass and notch filters.

Technical specifications:
Max input level: -10V - +10V
Mixer gain: 1
Power consumption : +8mA, -8mA
Module width: 6HP
Module depth: 25mm

Notes: Introducing a four independently buffered input mixer and a buffered output signal splitter, in one module!

Erica Synths Black Mixer/Splitter V2 is an advanced replacement for stackable patchcables.

Everyone who knows a bit more about electronics will point out that stackable patchcables are not a really wise choice for such sensitive things as musical instruments because they mechanically connect electrical signals that at best can cause undesired modulations or even damage the modules.

Erica Black series are high-end modules with unique functionality. Only the highest quality components are used and all inputs and outputs are protected against undesired overvoltage. When designing the Black Series, design and usability were prioritised first. Big knobs are assigned to functions that make difference in sound. Together the Erica Black series are a range of modules that make an entire synthesizer.

Technical specifications:

Input signal level: -10V - +10V
Power consumption: +25mA, -25mA
Module width: 4HP
Module depth: 25mm

Notes: ***B-STOCK: Without original box, product in perfect working order***


Pico BBD is surprisingly great sounding (we were surprised ourselves), full analogue 4092 stage bucket brigade delay module; the smallest BBD in Eurorack. Besides nice and clean flanger and delay effects, at full CW settings of TIME and feedback knobs it can produce extreme sonic artefacts. Tweak knobs and enjoy!

Notes: The ZONE B.F. module is an element of the Capsule TITAN. Zone basses frequences stands for low frequency zone. This module is composed of 2 LFOs, both LFOs have 16 sync-able waveforms.

Speed : speed of the LFO, range from 0.1 Hz to +/-200 Hz
Wave (LFO 1 & 2) : 16 Syncable waveforms

The ZONE B.F. (black edition onwards) now features an additional mode. On the back of the PCB you will find two jumpers, marked as JP1. CV1 is LFO channel 1 and CV2 is LFO channel 2. By moving the jumper so it sits on one leg (rather than 2 as when you have received the module), the Sync input for either LFO channel now becomes LFO speed input, controllable via CV.

Tech Specs

- SYNC 1 & 2 : LFO waveform is reset when an impulse signal is received
- OUT 1 & 2 : LFO signal outputs 1 & 2
- Voltage swing is -/+5V
- LEDs display LFO activity
- Eurorack 5 HP
- Metal pot, panel mounted, screwed
- Consumption: +12V 40mA, -12V 10mA

Notes: YYS is a super useful spin on the 4x2 matrix mixer. Instead of comparatively boring unipolar attenuators to send to the destination channels, attenuverters were used. This allows combinations of DC signals that can cancel each other out to make interesting new waveforms, and with audio signals can cause strange stereo cancellations. dsp.coffee also included inverted outputs and bipolar LEDs as a bonus.

Features:
- 4 inputs with 2 attenuverters to send to output A or B
- Inverted outputs that follow A / B
- Bipolar LEDs for monitoring

Notes: The compact and complete VCA. Filtering and mixing rolled into one powerful unit. The Dreadbox Eudemonia Filter is an analog wave generator processor. It provides accurate mixing capabilities and features a dual filter in series. The filters are a 24dB resonant Low Pass Filter and an 18dB non-resonant High Pass Filter - these allow you to shape your sound before sending to your output. In order to keep things in line, the exponential VCA has a peak indicator to help you reference your levels.

Power Consumption: 61mA @ +12V , 69mA @ -12V
61 mA +12V
69 mA -12V
35 mm deep
10HP

Notes: The Dystopia is ideal for complex patches where sound can be used to thicken the sound or filter out frequencies. It features a noise generator which can provide white, white to pink, white to blue, scatter, digital, pitch types of noise. The digital noise is brilliant as it can be used as a random gate generator. The bit crusher stage can range from one second up to 8kHz - meaning you can obtain really thick distortions - ideal for a range of styles of music. You can reference all the signals through the four LEDs too - which help you determine the level at which the module is pumping out the noise sources.

Noise Generator (white, white to pink, white to blue, scatter, digital, pitch)
Bit Crusher with range from 1sec up to 8kHz
Digital Noise can also be used as a Random Gate Generator
Dual Filter (parallel) 12dB Low Pass and High Pass Filter
When you insert a signal to the External In, the Internal Noise generator is cancelled and the External Signal is in process
LED indicator for all controls to illustrate the current CV Sum

56 mA +12V
67 mA -12V
35 mm deep
10HP

Notes: Versatile and valuable. The amazing Dreadbox Utopia is a CV audio and manipulator. It allows you to control a wide range of different properties inside your Eurorack system. These include four attenuverters, an offset generator, and a four to three mixer. This selection of tools give you the means to take control of your signals and bend them fully to your liking. Helping you put the finishing touches to your synth patch.

40 mA +12V
27 mA -12V
23 mm deep
10HP

Notes: Enter a galaxy of rich and vibrant delays. The Dreadbox Nostalgia 3 Stage Delay is a superb effect module that can give you amazing results in moments. Delay is a true staple in the effects world and it can take your modular music to the next level via just a few cables.

The Dreadbox Nostalgia 3 Stage Delay is ideal for a range of modular music styles, from ambient to acid house. This 10HP module fits snugly in your system and has enough CV control to keep even the most avid patcher satisfied.

117 mA +12V
25 mA -12V
35 mm deep
10HP

Notes: Module A-115 is a four-way frequency divider. The frequency of a signal at the input is halved (half frequency = first sub-octave), quartered (1/4 frequency = second sub-octave), and so on. In this way, the DIVIDER produces four sub-octaves (F/2 down to F/16).

At the output, the A-115 produces a summed mix of the original and the four sub-octaves. There are attenuators to control the amount (i.e. Amplitude) of the original signal and each of the sub-octaves.

Bear in mind that the sub-octaves output by the A-115 are all true square waves. At the output there are always four square waves and the original signal available.

Notes: A-138s is a simple but useful 4-in-2 mixing tool. It has four inputs available. Each input is equipped with an attenuator (Level) and a panning control that is used to distribute the signal to the left and right output. Beyond stereo mixing it is equally suited to create variable parallel routings. For example: Any of the four inputs may be routed in variable intensity to feed two filters.

You may regard the A-138s as a smaller version of the A-138m Matrix Mixer.

Inputs and outputs are DC coupled, i.e. the module can be used for the mixing of control signals too.

- 3U Eurorack module, 8 HP wide, 30 mm in depth
- Power consumption: 10 mA at +12 V and 10 mA at -12 V

Notes: Module A-151 (Quad Sequential Switch) is like an electronic four-position rotary switch.

It includes trigger and reset inputs, four in/outputs, and a common out/input. Each time a pulse is received at the trigger input socket, the common out/input is connected to the next in/output. After the fourth in/output, the next trigger makes it step back to the first again, and so on. A positive pulse at the reset input switches the out/input immediately back to the first in/output. Voltages in the range -8V...+8V at the O/I resp. I/O sockets can be processed by the module.

Four LED's indicate the active in/output (ie. the one that is connected to the out/input at any particular time).

Notes: Module A-103 is a voltage controlled low pass filter with 18dB/octave slope. The circuit is based on a modified transistor ladder (Moog ladder) and is a reproduction of the legendary TB303 filter.

As for the rest the A-103 is identical to the A-120 Moog low pass filter (same controls, inputs/outputs) only the filter sound is different.

Notes: Module A-124 is a special 12dB multimode filter using the "strange" filter circuit of the "EDP Wasp" (an analog synthesizer with black/yellow case built end of the seventies, manufactured by the UK company "Electronic Dream Plant" with Chris Huggett und Adrian Wagner). This design "abuses" digital inverters as analog operational amplifiers leading to distortions and other "dirty" effects that generate the specific sound of this filter. The filter is equipped with a band pass output and a combined low/notch/high pass output. For this output a control knob defines the relation between low and high pass signal. If both signals appear at the same level (i.e. middle position of the Mix knob) one obtains a notch filter. Otherwise the low or high pass signal predominates. The module does not feature self-oscillation in contrast to most of the other filters of the A-100 system.

Inputs: Audio In, CV In (2x)
Outputs: Bandpass Out, Low/Highpass Mix-Out
Controls: Audio and CV attenuator, Frequency, Resonance, LP/HP Mix

The function and operation of this module is very similar to the module SEM VCF A-106-5. But the sound of both filters is very different! The only functional difference is the position of the sockets and controls, and the function of the controls CV2 (A-124: normal attenuator, A-106-5: polarizer).

- 3U Eurorack module, 8HP wide, 45mm deep
- Current draw 30mA

Notes: Module A-160-2 is an enhanced version of the standard clock divider A-160. The module is a frequency divider for clock/trigger/gate signals, designed to be a source of lower frequencies, particularly for rhythm uses. The Clock input will take any digital signal from, eg. LFO, MIDI sync, or the gate from a MIDI-CV interface. At the outputs, you have access to three sets of seven different sub-divided clock signals, from half the clock frequency down to 1/128. The low/high levels of the output signals are 0V and about +10V.

The A-160-2 also has a reset input. Whenever a reset signal is sensed, all outputs are set to certain levels which depend upon the selected mode.

These are the most important features of the module:

Three different sets of dividing factors, selected by a three-position switch at the front panel:
- Power of two: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
- Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17
- Integer: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Two output modes, selected by a two-position switch at the front panel:
- Gate mode: outputs act like the outputs of typical binary dividers
- Trigger mode: in this mode the outputs are AND-wired with the clock signal (i.e. the clock pulsewidth affects the pulsewidth of the outputs)
- Clock edge type selected by a jumper on the pc board:
- Positive: the rising edge of the clock signal triggers the state change of the outputs
- Negative: the falling edge of the clock signal triggers the state change of the outputs

Reset behaviour by two jumpers on the pc board:
- Level triggered: the level at the Reset input triggers the Reset
- Edge triggered: the edge of the signal at the Reset input triggers the Reset
- Positive: a high level (> 2.5V) or the rising edge at the Reset input triggers the Reset
- Negative: a low level (< 1 V) or the falling edge at the Reset input triggers the Reset

Output polarity selected by a jumper on the pc board:
- Positive: non-inverted outputs
- Negative: all seven outputs are inverted

Width: 4HP / 20mm
Depth: 35mm (Measured from the rear side of the front panel)
Current: +12V: +50mA, -12V: -0mA

Notes: A-138s is a simple but useful 4-in-2 mixing tool. It has four inputs available. Each input is equipped with an attenuator (Level) and a panning control that is used to distribute the signal to the left and right output. Beyond stereo mixing it is equally suited to create variable parallel routings. For example: Any of the four inputs may be routed in variable intensity to feed two filters.

You may regard the A-138s as a smaller version of the A-138m Matrix Mixer.

Inputs and outputs are DC coupled, i.e. the module can be used for the mixing of control signals too.

- 3U Eurorack module, 8 HP wide, 30 mm in depth
- Power consumption: 10 mA at +12 V and 10 mA at -12 V

Notes: Module A-148 (Dual S&H) has two identical sample & hold modules, designed to produce 'staircase' voltages. The signal present at the sample input is sampled at a rate set by the signal at the trigger input, and held at that voltage at the S&H output.

The exact shape of the staircase depends on the sort of waveform at the sample input: NOISE or RANDOM signals produce random patterns; an LFO produces rising or falling staircase patterns.

Two LEDs for each S&H indicate the voltage (positive or negative) of the sampled signal.

Notes: Module A-119 (External Input / Envelope Follower) is designed to allow external audio signals to be integrated into the System A-100. It comprises a pre-amp, envelope follower, and comparator.

The pre-amp has two inputs: an unbalanced input for line level signals, with a gain factor of from 0 to 20, and a balanced input with a gain factor of from 0 to 500, for insertion of low level signals, for instance from a microphone or electric guitar.

The Envelope Follower reads the signal level of the input, and puts out a proportional voltage as an envelope at its own output.

The comparator generates a gate signal whenever the input goes above an adjustable trigger threshold.

Three LED's help you keep track of overload, the envelope, and the gate signal.

Notes: Module A-182-1 is a simple passive multi-connector similar to the multiples modules A-180-1/A-180-2. In contrast to modules A-180-1/2 each socket is equipped with a 3-position switch that allows to connect the corresponding socket to the internal bus #1 (left position), bus #2 (right position) or to turn the socket off (centre position).

Examples:

- All switches in left position or all switches in right position: 8-fold multiple

- Four switches in left position and four switches in right position: two 4-fold multiple

- X switches in left position, Y switches in right position and Z switches in centre position: two separate multiples with some sockets turned off

Notes: Module A-184-2 is the combination of two functions and planned primarily as an expansion module for VCOs or LFOs (e.g. A-110-1, A-110-2, A-145, A-147-2).

Triangle-to-Sine Waveshaper:

The upper section is a very precise triangle-to-sine converter (thanks to Tim Stinchcombe who recommended this circuit). It can be used to convert any triangle waveform into a (nearly) perfect sine. The converter is much better than the simple diode converter used in the A-110-1, A-111-1, A-145 and A-147-2. Two trimming potentiometers are used to optimize the sine shape. The converter should be assigned to one VCO or LFO because the trimming potentiometers have to be re-adjusted if the input level or DC offset of the input signal changes. If the trimming potentiometers are deliberately mis-adjusted it can be used also as a waveshaper for non-sine waveforms (e.g. sine-shaped at the top of the signal and a peak at the bottom, even voltage controlled by applying an additional voltage to the waveshaping circuit, "circuit-bending" notes will be available).

The waveform converter is DC coupled and can be used also for low frequencies (e.g. LFO triangle waves).

Voltage Controlled Crossfader:

The lower section is a voltage controlled crossfader. It has two inputs A and B. The two signals are mixed together with variable percentage. When the manual control CF is fully CCW only signal A appears at the CF Out socket. When the manual control CF is fully CW only signal B appears at the CF Out socket. In the centre position of the manual control both signal appear with the same level. In addition a control voltage input CV with attenuator is available to enable voltage control of the crossfade.

Two LEDs display the crossfading shares of input A and B.

The crossfader uses two high quality VCAs (SSM2164). Inputs and outputs are DC coupled. Consequently it can be used for audio signals and slowly varying control voltages as well.

The sockets of the upper section (triangle and sine) are normalled to the inputs A and B of the crossfader section. That way the crossfader is used to fade between triangle and sine of the VCO or LFO connected to the waveshaper. If other signals are plugged into the input sockets A and B these signals are used for crossfading.

The main application is to fade between two different waveforms of a VCO or LFO or two different VCF outputs. But the module can be used for any other signals too as the waveshaper and crossfader sections are independent apart from the normalled sockets.

Notes: Module A-196 contains a so-called phase locked loop (PLL). The basic PLL system is shown in the sketch at the bottom of this page. A PLL consists of three parts: voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), phase comparator (PC), and low-pass filter (LPF). All parts are normally connected to form a closed-loop frequency-feedback system.

This is how a PLL works: The output of the internal VCO (linear CV control, rectangle output) is compared with an external signal (e.g. the rectangle output of a A-110 VCO) in the so-called phase comparator (PC). The output of the phase comparator is a digital signal (low/high/tristate) that indicates if the frequency resp. phase difference of the two input signals is negative, zero or positive. The output of the phase comparator is processed by a low pass filter (LPF) to generate a smooth voltage that is used to control the frequency of the internal VCO. The 3 units VCO, PC and LPF form a feedback loop that works like this: The control voltage (output of the LPF) increases as long as the external frequency is higher than the frequency of the internal VCO und stops increasing when both frequencies become identical. The control voltage decreases as long as the external frequency is lower than the frequency of the internal VCO und stops decreasing when both frequencies become identical.

But there are some stumbling blocks: Different types of phase comparators with advantages and disadvantages can be made. Some phase comparators e.g. even lock at harmonics, i.e. if the two frequencies to be compared are integer multiples. But for some applications this can be used to create interesting effects. The A-196 contains 3 different types of phase comparators: PC1 is a simple exclusive OR, that even locks at harmonics. PC2 is a so-called RS flipflop and PC3 a more complex digital memory network. The user can select one of the three phase comparators with a 3-position switch. When PC2 is used a LED displays the "locked" state, i.e. when the frequency of the internal VCO is identical to the external frequency.

Special attention has to be directed to the frequency of the LPF. To obtain a smooth control voltage for the VCO the frequency of the LPF has to be much smaller than the lowest frequency of the internal or external audio signal. Otherwise the frequency of the internal VCO will jitter or wobble around the correct frequency. But for special effects this frequency jitter can be used intentionally. Example: frequencies in the range 50Hz...1kHz have to be processed with the PLL. Therefore the frequency of the LPF has to be about 10Hz or even less. Such a low frequency of the LPF causes a noticeable slew of the internal VCO. When the frequency of the external signal jumps e.g. between 500Hz and 1kHz it takes about 0.1 second until the internal VCO reaches the new frequency (like portamento). So one has to find a compromise between frequency jitter and portamento. But these remarks are valid only for the "ideal" working PLL. As the A-196 is used in a musical environment the "problems" and disadvantages with jitter and slew time lead to additional musical applications like portamento effects, wobbling frequencies or harmonic locking according to the type of frequency comparator and time constant of the PLL low pass filter. Instead of the internal manually controlled low pass filter the voltage controlled slew limiter A-171 can be used to obtain voltage control of this parameter. Normal audio filters (e.g. A-120, A-121) cannot be used for this job as the minimum frequency is to high (down to a few Hz or even less necessary) and the signal has to be DC coupled due to the low frequencies. Audio filters are normally AC coupled.

Another very important application of a PLL is frequency multiplication in combination with an external frequency divider. For this the output of the PLL-VCO is processed through an external frequency divider (e.g. A-163, A-160, A-161, A-115) before it is fed to In1 of the phase comparator. In this case the frequency of the PLL-VCO will be a multiple of the master frequency. E.g. if the A-163 is used and adjusted to dividing factor 5 the frequency of the PLL-VCO will be 5 times the frequency of the master VCO. Consequently, frequency division (A-163) leads to frequency multiplication with the PLL circuit. In combination with the PLL low pass frequency several effects can be realized (frequency multiplication with portamento or wobbling). The frequency multiplication can even be used to drive a graphic VCO. If your graphic VCO e.g. has 8 steps (e.g. A-155) and you use a frequency divider with factor 8 in the PLL feedback the output of the graphic VCO has the same frequency as the master VCO. Another application is the generation of pseudo-harmonics (not real harmonics as only rectangle waves are available) or clock generation for switched-capacitor filters.

Notes: Module A-143-9 is a derivative of our planned thru-zero quadrature VCO. It is a voltage controlled sine LFO with 4 outputs. The phase shift between the outputs is 90 degrees. The sine shifted by 90 degrees is also called cosine, the sine shifted by 180 degrees is nothing but the inverted sine, and the sine by 90 degrees is nothing but the inverted cosine.

The frequency range is from some minutes to frequencies beyond audio with three ranges selected by a toggle switch:

- Switch position H: about 30 Hz ... 3.5 kHz with the manual frequency control ("Frq."), beyond 20 kHz with additional external CV
- Switch position M: about 1 Hz ... 150 Hz with the manual frequency control ("Frq.")
- Switch position L: about 0,1 Hz ... 10 Hz with the manual frequency control ("Frq."), down to several minutes with additional external CV

Two exponential frequency control inputs are available: CV1 without attenuator and CV2 with polarizer. Consequently the module can be used even as an experimental sine VCO but does not feature an exact 1V/oct CV input! The precision CV input will be left to the thru-zero quadrature VCO.

Two LEDs display the positive and negative share of the sine output.

The core of the module is a so-called quadrature circuit that generates a sine a cosine signal with very low distortion. The quality of the sine/cosine signals are much better than those generated by a waveform converter with a sawtooth or triangle signal as starting point.

The output levels are about 5 Vss (+/-2.5V) but can be adjusted internally by a trimming potentiometer (P5 "Shape").

Typical applications:

- External sine/cosine oscillator for the frequency shifter A-126
- Modulations with pure sine/cosine waveforms
- Quadrature/barberpole effects (e.g. with the voltage controlled mixer A-135)
- Experimental sine/cosine VCO (e.g. for FM sounds)

Many users suggested to add a common output level control, i.e. four VCAs with one common control (manual + CV without attenuator + CV with polarizer) for the output levels. This is why we also designed the Quad VCA module A-132-2 with the possibility of an internal default connection to the four outputs of the A-143-9 (no soldering required, short 10 pin flat cable with removable connectors on both ends).

The A-143-9 is also a meaningful addition for the Frequency Shifter module A-126. It enables frequency shifting even below 50 Hz generating e.g. these mellow beat sounds with a few Hz frequency shifting only. The following document describes how to connect the A-126 and the A-143-9: A126_A143_connection.pdf.

The thru zero version of the A-143-9 with temperature compensation is the module A-110-4.

Notes: Module A-150-1 (Dual VCS) contains two separate voltage-controlled switches.

Each switch has a control voltage input, a common Out / Input, and two In / Outputs. The switches are bi-directional: they can work in both directions, so can connect one input to either of two outputs, or either of two inputs to one output. Voltages in the range -8V...+8V at the O/I resp. I/O sockets can be processed by the module.

Two LEDs show which in / output is active (i.e. which is connected to the common out / input).

Notes: Module A-160 is a frequency divider for clock/trigger/gate signals, designed to be a source of lower frequencies, particularly for rhythm uses. The Trigger input will take clock signals from, e.g. an LFO, MIDI sync, or the gate from a MIDI-CV interface.

At the outputs, you have access to the sub-divided clock signals, from half the clock frequency down to 1/64. The low/high levels of the output signals are 0V and about +10V.

The A-160 also has a reset input. Whenever a reset signal is sensed, all outputs are set to zero, until the reset voltage disappears.

The Clock Divider can be used in combination with the A-161 Clock Sequencer to produce stepped sequences with a length of from one to eight events.

Notes: A-133-2 is the slim version of the A-133 but has some additional features and improvements available compared to the A-133.

Module A-133-2 can be used for a lot of applications: as a simple VCA, or a voltage controlled polarizer/attuverter, or a voltage controlled inverter up to a DC coupled ring modulator. In principle the module contains two special voltage controlled amplifiers (VCAs) that allow both positive and negative amplification.

The overall amplification is definded by the sum of the voltage generated by the Man control, the external control voltage CV and the position of the CV control which works as an attenuator for the external control voltage. Without external CV the amplification is +1 when the Man control is fully CW. In the center position the amplification is zero and fully CCW it's -1 (i.e. the incoming signal is inverted). By means of the external control voltage CV the manually adjusted amplification can be modulated. CV can be both positive or negative (i.e. bipolar) to obtain positive or negative amplification values controlled by the external CV.

In addition the CV signal can be modulated via the modulation control input Mod by means of another control voltage. The Mod socket is normalled to +5V, i.e. a constant positive voltage is used as modulation CV provided that no plug is inserted into the Mod socket.

The current amplification is displayed by a dual color LED (note: it's not a signal display but indicates the amplification, probably yellow = positive amplification, red = negative amplification)
Application examples:
voltage controlled amplifier (VCA) with pure positive overall amplification (Man + CV)
voltage controlled inverter with pure negative overall amplification (Man + CV)
voltage controlled polarizer/attuverter overall amplification changing between positive and negative (Man + CV)
DC coupled ring modulator with offset feature, the "classical" ring modulator corresponds to Man=0 and symmetrical audio signals for In and CV
additional effects by means of the modulation feature of the CV signal (using the Mod input)

Notes: Module A-183-9 is a simple power supply for up to four devices which can be powered via USB (e.g. keyboards, smartphones). An LED shows is the +5V are present.

The module has no USB function but provides only the +5V supply for USB devices.

A control LED shows if the +5V are present.

Note: The module requires an A-100 case with built in power supply A-100PSU3. Only this A-100 supply has the required +5V available. We do not recommend the usage of an older A-100 case with A-100PSU2 as this would require the +5V adapter A-100AD5 and the max. current would be limited to 100mA.

Notes: Module A-197-3 is a control unit for RGB LED stripes. The LED stripe is glued e.g. to the inner edges of the cases A-100P6/P9/PMS6/PMS9/PMS12 to illuminate the modules and patching statically or dynamically. Especially during live events the dynamic illumination in sync with the sound is an eye-catcher. Each colour (red, green, blue) has available a manual control for the background brightness and a CV input with attenuator that enables the dynamic brightness controlled by other control voltages of the modular system. For example three envelopes can be used which also control the loudness or filtering of sound processing modules. But even other control applications are possible, e.g. LFO, random voltages, clock/gate/trigger signals, sequencer, Midi-to-CV.

Notes: The A-138d primarily is used for crossfading between two modular signals. On the other hand you can used it for inserting stompboxes or other effects into your modular system. Both the inputs and the mix output are available twice, like a mini-multiples e.g. for using the input signal also for other applications, kind of like a Thru.

Crossfader: With the crossfading control CF you blend manually between the inputs In 1 and In 2. The Mute switch allows for muting one of the two signals, independent on the crossfader position.

Effect insert: The signal at input In1 is emitted at the FX Send output and can be attenuated with the Atten. control because the modular system works with much higher levels.

The effect unit's output is inserted to the FX Return input socket and its level can be boosted with the Amp. control. The processed signal is available at the bottom in 2 socket.

Use the CF control to blend between the original signal and the effect signal and to mute switch for quick muting e.g. of the effect return signal.

Notes: Module A-118-2 is the slim version of module A-118-1 and offers essentially the same features as the A-118-1. But the distances between the controls are smaller and rubberized small-sized knobs are used. In return the front panel has 4 HP only which is half the width of the A-118-1. The module is primarily planned for applications where only limited space is available. The functional difference between A-118-1 and A-118-2 is the additional T&H/S&H unit which is not included in the A-118-1.

The module generates the signals white noise, colored noise, continuous random voltage and stepped random voltage (derived from the continuous random voltage by means of a S&H/T&H unit).

The noise signal is generated 100% analog by amplification of the noise of a transistor. White and colored noise are usually used as audio sources. The random voltages are normally used as control voltages (e.g. for filter frequency or any other voltage controlled parameter).
The A-118-2 gives you the ability to mix the relative amounts of Red (low frequency component) and Blue noise (high frequency component) in the colored noise output.

For the continuous random voltage the rate of change (Rate) and amplitude (Level) of the random voltage can be adjusted. The continuous random voltage is derived from the colored noise signal by low pass filtering. Consequently the settings of the controls for the colored noise (Blue, Red) affect the behavior of the random voltage! A dual color LED (red = positive / yellow = negative output voltage) indicates the continuous random voltage.

The continuous random voltage is used as source for the S&H/T&H unit. The type of operation can be set to S&H (sample and hold) or T&H (track and hold). When T&H is chosen the output signal follows the input signal (= continuous random voltage) as long as the Clock input is "high". As soon as the clock signal changes to "low" the last voltage is stored. When S&H is chosen the input signal (= continuous random voltage) is sampled at the rising edge of the Clock signal.

For the Clock signal a "digital" signal (e.g. Clock, Gate, rectangle output of an LFO) is required. It does not work with slowly changing continuous CV signals. Another dual color LED (red = positive / yellow = negative output voltage) indicates the stepped random voltage.

Controls:

Blue: share of the high frequencies in the the colored noise output
Red: share of the low frequencies in the the colored noise output
Rate: rate of change of the continuous random voltage
Level: amplitude of the continuous random voltage
TH/SH: switches between T&H and S&H

Inputs and outputs:

RND: continuous random voltage output (with LED display)
TH/SH: stepped random voltage output (with LED display)
Clk: Clock input of the S&H/T&H unit
C Noise: colored noise output
W Noise: white noise output

Important notes:

After power on it takes a few minutes until the two noise signals and the random signals are generated. The module is not faulty when after power on the signals do not appear immediately!

The S&H/T&H function is realized by pure analog circuitry (electronic switch followed by a holding capacitor and buffer). Consequently the output voltage drifts a bit in the holding state because the capacitor is discharged by parasitic resistors. The drift depends also upon environmental conditions like humidity or temperature.

Dimensions
4 HP
40 mm deep

Current Draw
20 mA +12V
20 mA -12V

Notes: Module A-130-2 is the slim version of module A-132-3 and offers essentially the same features. But the distances between the controls are smaller and rubberized small-sized knobs are used. In return the front panel has 4 HP only which is half the width of the A-132-3. The module is primarily planned for applications where only limited space is available.

The module is composed of two identical voltage controlled amplifiers (VCA). Each VCA has a manual gain control (also named Initial Gain) and a control voltage input with attenuator. The character of the control scale can be switched to linear or exponential. All inputs and outputs are DC coupled. Consequently the VCAs can be used to process both audio and control voltages (e.g. for voltage control of the level of LFO or envelope signals). The signal input has no attenuator available but is capable to process up to 16Vpp signals (i.e. -8V...+8V) without distortion. For the processing of higher levels an external attenuator (e.g. A-183-1) is recommended.

The amplification range is 0...1. Even with a higher external control voltage the amplification remains at 1 (kind of "amplification clipping" at 1).

Controls (for each of both units):

- Gain: manual gain control (Initial Gain) in the range 0...1
- CV: attenuator for the CV input
- Lin/Exp: switches the VCA characteristic to linear or exponential, in center position the VCA is off (mute function)

Inputs and outputs (for each of both units):

- CV: control voltage input, min. +5V required for max. amplification (1) with CV control fully CW and Gain fully CCW
- In: signal input, max. 16Vpp (+8V...-8V) without distortion
- Out: signal output

Notes: Module A-145-4 is a simple quad LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator). Not a very "exciting" module, just a bread-and-butter device and a simple demon for work. Virtually in every modular system several LFOs are required for modulation purposes. The module contains four simple LFOs with the waveforms triangle and rectangle. A dual colour LED (red = positive / yellow = negative output voltage) indicates the triangle output of each LFO. The frequency range can be chosen for each LFO individually by means of a jumper between about 50 Hz ... 0.04 Hz (about 20 seconds, jumper removed) and about 2Hz ... 0.002 (about 8 minutes, jumper installed).

The module can be treated as a slimmed version of the quad LFO A-143-3 as it has similar features available. But the distances between the controls are smaller and rubberized small-sized knobs are used. In return the front panel has 4 HP only which is less than one third of the A-143-3. The module is primarily planned for applications where only limited space is available. The functional difference compared to the A-143-3 are the missing sawtooth outputs and frequency range switches.

Notes: Module A-151 (Quad Sequential Switch) is like an electronic four-position rotary switch.

It includes trigger and reset inputs, four in / outputs, and a common out / input. Each time a pulse is received at the trigger input socket, the common out / input is connected to the next in / output. After the fourth in / output, the next trigger makes it step back to the first again, and so on. A positive pulse at the reset input switches the out / input immediately back to the first in / output (see Fig. 1). Voltages in the range -8V...+8V at the O/I resp. I/O sockets can be processed by the module.

Four LEDs indicate the active in / output (i.e. the on that is connected to the out / input at any particular time).

Notes: Module A-118-2 generates the signals white noise, colored noise, continuous random voltage and stepped random voltage.

The noise signal is generated 100% analog by amplification of the noise of a transistor. White and colored noise are usually used as audio sources. The random voltages are normally used as control voltages (e.g. for filter frequency or any other voltage controlled parameter).

The A-118-2 gives you the ability to mix the relative amounts of Red and Blue noise (low/high frequency component) in the colored noise output.

For the continuous random voltage the rate of change (Rate) and amplitude (Level) of the random voltage can be adjusted. The continuous random voltage is used as source for the S&H/T&H unit. The type of operation can be set to S&H (sample and hold) or T&H (track and hold). When T&H is chosen the output signal follows the input signal as long as the Clock input is "high". As soon as the clock signal changes to "low" the last voltage is stored. When S&H is chosen the input signal is sampled at the rising edge of the Clock signal. For the Clock signal a "digital" signal (e.g. Clock, Gate, rectangle output of an LFO) is required. Dual color LEDs are used to indicates the continuous and stepped random voltages.

Controls:
Blue: share of the high frequencies in the the colored noise output
Red: share of the low frequencies in the the colored noise output
Rate: rate of change of the continuous random voltage
Level: amplitude of the continuous random voltage
TH/SH: switches between T&H und S&H

Inputs and outputs:
RND: continuous random voltage output (with LED display)
TH/SH: stepped random voltage output (with LED display)
Clk: Clock input of the S&H/T&H unit
C Noise: colored noise output
W Noise: white noise output

Important notes:
After power on it takes a few minutes until the two noise signals and the random signals are generated. The module is not faulty when after power on the signals do not appear immediately!

The S&H/T&H function is realized by pure analog circuitry (electronic switch followed by a holding capacitor and buffer). Consequently the output voltage drifts a bit in the holding state because the capacitor is discharged by parasitic resistors. The drift depends also upon environmental conditions like humidity or temperature.

The level of the random voltage changes with the settings of the Blue and Red controls. Especially the Red control affects the random voltage level (which is derived by low pass filtering from the colored noise signal) because the Red control changes the share of the low frequencies in the colored noise signal. The effect of the Blue control is much smaller because it changes the share of the high frequencies in the colored noise signal which are filtered out by the low pass of the random circuitry.

Power consumption: 20mA at +12V and 20mA at -12V
Depth: 40mm
HP : 4

Notes: Module A-179-2 can be used to convert different illumination intensities into corresponding analog voltages and a gate signal derived from the analog voltage. It's the successor of the obsolete module A-179.
A light sensitive resistor (LDR) converts the illumination of the internal light sensor into a corresponding analog control voltage. The internal sensor is located at the front panel. Instead of the internal sensor a remote sensor can be connected via a standard patch cable to the module (ext.Sens. socket). An external sensor with a 2 m patch cable (A-100C200) is included. The external sensor is mounted on a small pc board which is equipped also with a 3.5 mm jack socket. The nut of the socket can also be used to mount the external sensor.

The module A-179 is similar to the Theremin module A-178 but uses the illumination intensity instead of the distance between hand and antenna for generating the analog voltage.
One can choose between passive control by covering/shading the sensor via hand or body, or active control by using e.g. a pocket lamp or flashlight. For this two versions of output voltages are available (CV Out + und CV Out -).

The module has these controls and in/outputs available:

ext. Sens.: by means of a standard patch cable the external sensor can be connected to this socket. In this case the internal sensor is turned off.

CV Offset: control to adjust the output voltage which is assigned to a certain illumination (e.g. 0V for complete darkness)

CV Level: control that is used to adjust the sensitivity of the generated output voltage (i.e. how much a certain difference in brightness affects the output voltage)

Gate Threshold: control that is used to adjust the threshold for the generation of the gate signal, an internal jumper is used to define if the gate signal is derived from the CV Out+ or CV Out- voltage.

CV Out+: positive control voltage output, increasing brighness causes the increase of the voltage at this output

CV Out+: negative control voltage output, increasing brighness causes the decrease of the voltage at this output

LED CV Out: bipolar LED (red/yellow) as display for the CV outputs

Gate: gate output with LED display

Applications:

controlling any voltage controlled parameter e.g. pitch or pulswidth of a VCO, filter frequency or resonance of a VCF, loudness of a VCA, time of an envelope generator, frequency of a VCLFO
triggering activities via gate with adjustable threshold, e.g. starting an envelope, starting/stopping a sequencer or any switching function (e.g. with A-150-1 or 151).
Conversion into MIDI control change messages is possible with the A-192-2.

Width: 4 HP / 20.0 mm
Depth: 30mm (measured from the rear side of the front panel)

Notes: Module A-145-4 is a simple quad LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator). Not a very "exciting" module, just a bread-and-butter device and a simple demon for work. Virtually in every modular system several LFOs are required for modulation purposes. The module contains four simple LFOs with the waveforms triangle and rectangle. A dual colour LED (red = positive / yellow = negative output voltage) indicates the triangle output of each LFO. The frequency range can be chosen for each LFO individually by means of a jumper between about 50 Hz ... 0.04 Hz (about 20 seconds, jumper removed) and about 2Hz ... 0.002 (about 8 minutes, jumper installed).

The module can be treated as a slimmed version of the quad LFO A-143-3 as it has similar features available. But the distances between the controls are smaller and rubberized small-sized knobs are used. In return the front panel has 4 HP only which is less than one third of the A-143-3. The module is primarily planned for applications where only limited space is available. The functional difference compared to the A-143-3 are the missing sawtooth outputs and frequency range switches.

Notes: Compact and simple four-input mixer module from Uncle Dieter. Linear pots make it suited to mixing CV signals but it can also handle audio. Mixed signal hard-wired to two sockets.

Supplier notes:
Module A-138n is a simple four channel mixer, which can be used with either control voltages or audio signals. Each of the four inputs has an attenuator available. The output is twice available (two sockets, hard-wired like a multiple).

HP : 4

Notes: Theremin module for generating a variable control voltage by approaching/removing hand to/from an antenna.

The distance range is about 30 cm. Additionally the module is equipped with a Gate output with adjustable threshold level. To simulate the original Theremin two A-178, a VCO (e.g. A-110) and a linear VCA (e.g. A-130 or A-132) are required. But of course the A-178 can be used to control other functions in the A-100 (e.g. filter frequency, modulation depth and/or speed, tempo, attack/decay time and so on).

The CV output voltage of the A-178 can range - according to the setting of the front panel controls - from -10V...+10V.

The gate output switches from 0V to about +10V.

Power consumption: 60mA at +12V and 20mA at -12V

Depth: 40mm

HP : 8